add Observer pattern

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Jakub Vojvoda
2016-10-03 10:21:01 +02:00
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## Observer
Observer defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object
changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically. The pattern
has behavioral purpose and applies to the objects.
### When to use
* when an abstraction has two aspects, one dependent on the other
* when a change to one object requires changing others, and you don't know how many objects need to be changed
* when an object should be able to notify other objects without making assumptions about who these objects are