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docs/resources/programming/emacs.md
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docs/resources/programming/emacs.md
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# GNU Emacs Cheatsheet
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## Emacs Commands Relation Diagram
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[](https://mermaid.live/edit#pako:eNqNll2PmzgUQP-KRdWqK000JSRth4eVWqZVqi2UbdIirdMHB0xiDV_CMElU9b_vvTZJKcWi88AE-_gaH-41_m7FZcIt19rXrDqQj5-3BYG_p0-Jz0RBPNbwfVkLLslRNAeybs6ZKPYaijMm5T1PSaypM0lFlrlPuJ0uU34jm7p84O6TF_by1d2uu50dRdIc3Hl1GsSQ7W4QJnX4Ml1ewyyYvXgd_xrG_i1MXOY5K5JLCDt9ze-uIRzn5Z3NDSH09V3OYvlcXYmnY8m_XNe9PFufBUnvRcbJp4rXrBFlIcm63SmRGpDdncIkHcDfNIR_73XfZcJvMGHPR4-zqTc7EW-WuhioQLBbcQ-ad5B0yZo98nHI6aCjhsgbOc4tOu7BJV5WSkO0ZUfFLvm3Fc0o1MPJbPY3LIY8g4fFi4OXBV6WmuKXgVfTG35q_sA0YnTA9kRvdN-k6I1N1zzjMY53UWXF4vGlb-b0nkvFIrgfhxz6pUhKBG4n3GyUmw262aCbjWMyErBHsVcrNMkAgv6kehoC6pePPOfFH6gIbPpRFFziw1e33mw86QJIugOrFbUDKh2nHBqVdQKUD5RvohZqRthsWN3cvisSDMogKJ9wFyh3AboL0F2AeRUsTAK9TFS7ktWJyR8C9Er1_HnUK6szBA-ZbLhRnWfTTc0SgfZZZsbA3Zc3xIeN2Mj0aMhNr1XJdhz14UFK4uOhZBPhUPXkGOQ8IdXzr_OdxqP5l_mg_g1Eb77HqfnUS_TwJXrzvkvdrirDU6XhXWpDS9T9vur3Vb9vrJ1IQDkejbsIdNML8oy8bdOU1_1tJOp6p6sngo2kykRDvuLandG1R_OOWSEzH2ccGpREYQjZ49CCfuY5VDYiL8aRJf3UHHjdGUCwnHghkRIbodcItUZYVRHu1pFxtw5Z_MD2HA4RBfxTG41BNZL0d7wnO7x2T9oOca-SDWb-iWTwa1bpoeMft1Dt3XEtdlwPSbq7y7DxUQ79UMiGwQFDDerYmdCNEzZDZTNEmyHaDI05uuJZRdZnKJvcJA8R2uN61la6fVLZyqb_8LOKhMlwIA-jC1jN6VvIGDj7SY3tJta5Uutc4TpXc9MS1RkzLotCf2ll7wymjwh4bho24hd82AZfuWET7tvDNkj6YRPm1rANZVg3Vs7rnIkEDsffkdhaUDg531ou_Ex4ytqs2Vrb4gegrG3K9bmILbepW35j1WW7P1xu2ioB7feCwUvLLTdlmYTWihX_lWWuoR__A-hhZFE)
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## Key Notation
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- `C-` means hold the Control key
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- `M-` means hold the Alt key (Meta) or press and release Escape
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- `C-x` means press Control and 'x' together
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- `M-x` means press Alt and 'x' together or press Escape then 'x'
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## File Operations
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-x C-f` | Open a file |
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| `C-x C-s` | Save current file |
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| `C-x C-w` | Save as... |
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| `C-x C-k` | Close file |
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| `C-x C-c` | Quit Emacs |
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## Text Selection
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-<space>` or `C-@` | Start selection |
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| `C-g` | Deselect |
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## Navigation Commands
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### Line Navigation
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-p` | Move to previous line |
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| `C-n` | Move to next line |
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### Character Navigation
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-b` | Move back one character |
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| `C-f` | Move forward one character |
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### Word Navigation
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `M-b` | Move back one word |
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| `M-f` | Move forward one word |
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### Line Boundaries
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-a` | Go to start of line |
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| `C-e` | Go to end of line |
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## Copy & Paste Operations
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### Traditional Emacs Style
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-w` | Cut (Kill) |
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| `M-w` | Copy |
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| `C-y` | Paste (Yank) |
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| `C-k` | Cut line after cursor |
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| `M-d` | Cut word after cursor |
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### Modern Style (CUA Mode)
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `M-x cua-mode` | Activate modern copy & paste |
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| `C-x` | Cut |
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| `C-c` | Copy |
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| `C-v` | Paste |
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## Undo Operations
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-/` or `C-x u` | Undo last operation |
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## Windows, Frames, and Buffers
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### Split Operations
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-3` | Split window vertically |
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| `C-2` | Split window horizontally |
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| `C-1` | Remove all splits (single window) |
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| `C-0` | Remove current window |
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### Buffer Management
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-x <arrow>` | Cycle through active buffers |
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| `C-o` | Visit other split window |
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### Frame Management
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-x 52` | Open a new frame |
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## Emergency Commands
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-g` | Cancel current operation/command |
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## Help System
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `C-h k <key combo>` | Show key combination binding |
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| `C-h b` | Display all key bindings |
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## Package Management
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `M-x list-packages` | List all available packages |
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| `M-x describe-package` | Describe package at cursor |
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| `M-x package-menu-mark-install` | Mark package for installation |
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| `M-x package-install-selected-packages` | Install marked packages |
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## Important Concepts
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1. **Buffer**: Holds a process or file content
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2. **Window**: Your view of a buffer
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3. **Frame**: The desktop window containing Emacs
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## Additional Navigation Methods
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- Use arrow keys for cursor movement if available
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- Use mouse to click and drag for text selection
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## Tips for New Users
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1. Start with basic file operations and navigation
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2. Learn the help system commands early
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3. Consider using CUA mode if coming from other editors
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4. Practice emergency cancel (`C-g`) for when things go wrong
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5. Use package management to extend functionality
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## Customization Basics
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```elisp
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;; Add to your .emacs file or init.el
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;; Enable CUA mode for familiar copy-paste
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(cua-mode t)
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;; Enable line numbers
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(global-display-line-numbers-mode)
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;; Enable syntax highlighting
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(global-font-lock-mode t)
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```
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## Common Workflows
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### File Management Workflow
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1. Open Emacs
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2. Use `C-x C-f` to find file
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3. Edit content
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4. Save with `C-x C-s`
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5. Close with `C-x C-k` or quit Emacs with `C-x C-c`
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### Text Editing Workflow
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1. Navigate to location
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2. Start selection with `C-<space>`
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3. Move cursor to select text
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4. Cut/copy as needed
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5. Navigate to new location
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6. Paste content
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### Window Management Workflow
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1. Split window as needed (`C-2` or `C-3`)
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2. Open different files in splits
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3. Use `C-o` to switch between splits
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4. Close splits when done (`C-0` or `C-1`)
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## Best Practices
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1. Learn the help system first
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2. Practice navigation commands
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3. Use package management for extensions
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4. Learn buffer management
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5. Master window splitting
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6. Understand the difference between kill/yank and modern copy/paste
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7. Keep emergency commands in mind
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