[exec.spawn]

# 33 Execution control library [[exec]](./#exec)

## 33.9 Senders [[exec.snd]](exec.snd#exec.spawn)

### 33.9.13 Sender consumers [[exec.consumers]](exec.consumers#exec.spawn)

#### 33.9.13.3 execution​::​spawn [exec.spawn]

[1](#1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5843)

spawn attempts to associate the given input sender with
the given token's async scope and, on success,
eagerly starts the input sender[.](#1.sentence-1)

[2](#2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5848)

The name spawn denotes a customization point object[.](#2.sentence-1)

For subexpressions sndr, token, and env,

- [(2.1)](#2.1)

let Sndr be decltype((sndr)),

- [(2.2)](#2.2)

let Token be remove_cvref_t<decltype((token))>, and

- [(2.3)](#2.3)

let Env be remove_cvref_t<decltype((env))>[.](#2.sentence-2)

If any of[sender](exec.snd.concepts#concept:sender "33.9.3 Sender concepts [exec.snd.concepts]")<Sndr>,[scope_token](exec.scope.concepts#concept:scope_token "33.14.1 Execution scope concepts [exec.scope.concepts]")<Token>, or[*queryable*](exec.queryable.concept#concept:queryable "33.2.2 queryable concept [exec.queryable.concept]")<Env> are not satisfied,
the expression spawn(​sndr, token, env) is ill-formed[.](#2.sentence-3)

[3](#3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5863)

Let *spawn-state-base* be the exposition-only class:

[🔗](#lib:execution::spawn-state-base)

namespace std::execution {struct *spawn-state-base* { // *exposition only*virtual void *complete*() noexcept = 0; // *exposition only*};}

[4](#4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5875)

Let *spawn-receiver* be the exposition-only class:

[🔗](#lib:execution::spawn-receiver)

namespace std::execution {struct *spawn-receiver* { // *exposition only*using receiver_concept = receiver_t; *spawn-state-base** *state*; // *exposition only*void set_value() && noexcept { *state*->*complete*(); }void set_stopped() && noexcept { *state*->*complete*(); }};}

[5](#5)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5891)

Let *spawn-state* be the exposition-only class template:

[🔗](#lib:execution::spawn-state)

namespace std::execution {template<class Alloc, [scope_token](exec.scope.concepts#concept:scope_token "33.14.1 Execution scope concepts [exec.scope.concepts]") Token, [sender](exec.snd.concepts#concept:sender "33.9.3 Sender concepts [exec.snd.concepts]") Sender>struct *spawn-state* : *spawn-state-base* { // *exposition only*using *op-t* = connect_result_t<Sender, *spawn-receiver*>; // *exposition only**spawn-state*(Alloc alloc, Sender&& sndr, Token token); // *exposition only*void *complete*() noexcept override; // *exposition only*void *run*(); // *exposition only*private:using *alloc-t* = // *exposition only*typename allocator_traits<Alloc>::template rebind_alloc<*spawn-state*>; *alloc-t* *alloc*; // *exposition only**op-t* *op*; // *exposition only* Token *token*; // *exposition only*void *destroy*() noexcept; // *exposition only*};}

[🔗](#lib:execution::spawn-state,constructor)

`spawn-state(Alloc alloc, Sender&& sndr, Token token);
`

[6](#6)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5924)

*Effects*: Initializes*alloc* with alloc,*token* with token, and*op* with:connect(std::move(sndr), *spawn-receiver*(this))

[🔗](#lib:run,execution::spawn-state)

`void run();
`

[7](#7)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5941)

*Effects*: Equivalent to:if (*token*.try_associate()) start(*op*);else*destroy*();

[🔗](#lib:complete,execution::spawn-state)

`void complete() noexcept override;
`

[8](#8)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5958)

*Effects*: Equivalent to:auto token = std::move(this->*token*);

*destroy*();
token.disassociate();

[🔗](#lib:destroy,execution::spawn-state)

`void destroy() noexcept;
`

[9](#9)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5975)

*Effects*: Equivalent to:auto alloc = std::move(this->*alloc*);

allocator_traits<*alloc-t*>::destroy(alloc, this);
allocator_traits<*alloc-t*>::deallocate(alloc, this, 1);

[10](#10)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L5986)

For the expression spawn(sndr, token, env) let new_sender be the expression token.wrap(sndr) and
let alloc and senv be defined as follows:

- [(10.1)](#10.1)

if the expression get_allocator(env) is well-formed, thenalloc is the result of get_allocator(env) andsenv is the expression env,

- [(10.2)](#10.2)

otherwise
if the expression get_allocator(get_env(new_sender)) is well-formed, thenalloc is the result of get_allocator(get_env(new_sender)) andsenv is the expression *JOIN-ENV*(prop(get_allocator, alloc), env),

- [(10.3)](#10.3)

otherwisealloc is allocator<void>() andsenv is the expression env[.](#10.sentence-1)

[11](#11)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L6006)

The expression spawn(sndr, token, env) is of type void and
has the following effects:

- [(11.1)](#11.1)

Uses alloc to allocate and construct an object o of
type that is a specialization of *spawn-state* fromalloc, write_env(token.wrap(sndr), senv), and token and then
invokes o.*run*()[.](#11.sentence-1)
  If an exception is thrown then
any constructed objects are destroyed and any allocated memory is deallocated[.](#11.1.sentence-2)

[12](#12)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/exec.tex#L6021)

The expression spawn(sndr, token) is expression-equivalent tospawn(sndr, token, execution​::​env<>(​))[.](#12.sentence-1)