[time.point]

# 30 Time library [[time]](./#time)

## 30.6 Class template time_point [time.point]

### [30.6.1](#general) General [[time.point.general]](time.point.general)

[🔗](#lib:time_point)

namespace std::chrono {template<class Clock, class Duration = typename Clock::duration>class time_point {public:using clock = Clock; using duration = Duration; using rep = typename duration::rep; using period = typename duration::period; private: duration d_; // *exposition only*public:// [[time.point.cons]](#cons "30.6.2 Constructors"), constructconstexpr time_point(); // has value epochconstexpr explicit time_point(const duration& d); // same as time_point() + dtemplate<class Duration2>constexpr time_point(const time_point<clock, Duration2>& t); // [[time.point.observer]](#observer "30.6.3 Observer"), observerconstexpr duration time_since_epoch() const; // [[time.point.arithmetic]](#arithmetic "30.6.4 Arithmetic"), arithmeticconstexpr time_point& operator++(); constexpr time_point operator++(int); constexpr time_point& operator--(); constexpr time_point operator--(int); constexpr time_point& operator+=(const duration& d); constexpr time_point& operator-=(const duration& d); // [[time.point.special]](#special "30.6.5 Special values"), special valuesstatic constexpr time_point min() noexcept; static constexpr time_point max() noexcept; };}

[1](#general-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2253)

If Duration is not a specialization of duration,
the program is ill-formed[.](#general-1.sentence-1)

### [30.6.2](#cons) Constructors [[time.point.cons]](time.point.cons)

[🔗](#lib:time_point,constructor)

`constexpr time_point();
`

[1](#cons-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2265)

*Effects*: Initializes d_ with duration​::​zero()[.](#cons-1.sentence-1)

Such a time_point object represents the epoch[.](#cons-1.sentence-2)

[🔗](#lib:time_point,constructor_)

`constexpr explicit time_point(const duration& d);
`

[2](#cons-2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2277)

*Effects*: Initializes d_ with d[.](#cons-2.sentence-1)

Such a time_point object represents the epoch + d[.](#cons-2.sentence-2)

[🔗](#lib:time_point,constructor__)

`template<class Duration2>
  constexpr time_point(const time_point<clock, Duration2>& t);
`

[3](#cons-3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2290)

*Constraints*: is_convertible_v<Duration2, duration> is true[.](#cons-3.sentence-1)

[4](#cons-4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2294)

*Effects*: Initializes d_ with t.time_since_epoch()[.](#cons-4.sentence-1)

### [30.6.3](#observer) Observer [[time.point.observer]](time.point.observer)

[🔗](#lib:time_since_epoch,time_point)

`constexpr duration time_since_epoch() const;
`

[1](#observer-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2307)

*Returns*: d_[.](#observer-1.sentence-1)

### [30.6.4](#arithmetic) Arithmetic [[time.point.arithmetic]](time.point.arithmetic)

[🔗](#lib:operator++,time_point)

`constexpr time_point& operator++();
`

[1](#arithmetic-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2320)

*Effects*: Equivalent to: ++d_[.](#arithmetic-1.sentence-1)

[2](#arithmetic-2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2324)

*Returns*: *this[.](#arithmetic-2.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator++,time_point_)

`constexpr time_point operator++(int);
`

[3](#arithmetic-3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2335)

*Effects*: Equivalent to: return time_point{d_++};

[🔗](#lib:operator--,time_point)

`constexpr time_point& operator--();
`

[4](#arithmetic-4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2346)

*Effects*: Equivalent to: --d_[.](#arithmetic-4.sentence-1)

[5](#arithmetic-5)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2350)

*Returns*: *this[.](#arithmetic-5.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator--,time_point_)

`constexpr time_point operator--(int);
`

[6](#arithmetic-6)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2361)

*Effects*: Equivalent to: return time_point{d_--};

[🔗](#lib:operator+=,time_point)

`constexpr time_point& operator+=(const duration& d);
`

[7](#arithmetic-7)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2372)

*Effects*: Equivalent to: d_ += d[.](#arithmetic-7.sentence-1)

[8](#arithmetic-8)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2376)

*Returns*: *this[.](#arithmetic-8.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator-=,time_point)

`constexpr time_point& operator-=(const duration& d);
`

[9](#arithmetic-9)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2387)

*Effects*: Equivalent to: d_ -= d[.](#arithmetic-9.sentence-1)

[10](#arithmetic-10)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2391)

*Returns*: *this[.](#arithmetic-10.sentence-1)

### [30.6.5](#special) Special values [[time.point.special]](time.point.special)

[🔗](#lib:min,time_point)

`static constexpr time_point min() noexcept;
`

[1](#special-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2404)

*Returns*: time_point(duration​::​min())[.](#special-1.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:max,time_point)

`static constexpr time_point max() noexcept;
`

[2](#special-2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2415)

*Returns*: time_point(duration​::​max())[.](#special-2.sentence-1)

### [30.6.6](#nonmember) Non-member arithmetic [[time.point.nonmember]](time.point.nonmember)

[🔗](#lib:operator+,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Rep2, class Period2>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, common_type_t<Duration1, duration<Rep2, Period2>>>
    operator+(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs, const duration<Rep2, Period2>& rhs);
`

[1](#nonmember-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2431)

*Returns*: CT(lhs.time_since_epoch() + rhs), where CT is the type of the return value[.](#nonmember-1.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator+,time_point_)

`template<class Rep1, class Period1, class Clock, class Duration2>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, common_type_t<duration<Rep1, Period1>, Duration2>>
    operator+(const duration<Rep1, Period1>& lhs, const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[2](#nonmember-2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2445)

*Returns*: rhs + lhs[.](#nonmember-2.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator-,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Rep2, class Period2>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, common_type_t<Duration1, duration<Rep2, Period2>>>
    operator-(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs, const duration<Rep2, Period2>& rhs);
`

[3](#nonmember-3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2459)

*Returns*: CT(lhs.time_since_epoch() - rhs),
where CT is the type of the return value[.](#nonmember-3.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator-,time_point_)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Duration2>
  constexpr common_type_t<Duration1, Duration2>
    operator-(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs, const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[4](#nonmember-4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2473)

*Returns*: lhs.time_since_epoch() - rhs.time_since_epoch()[.](#nonmember-4.sentence-1)

### [30.6.7](#comparisons) Comparisons [[time.point.comparisons]](time.point.comparisons)

[🔗](#lib:operator==,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Duration2>
  constexpr bool operator==(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs,
                            const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[1](#comparisons-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2488)

*Returns*: lhs.time_since_epoch() == rhs.time_since_epoch()[.](#comparisons-1.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator%3c,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Duration2>
  constexpr bool operator<(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs,
                           const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[2](#comparisons-2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2501)

*Returns*: lhs.time_since_epoch() < rhs.time_since_epoch()[.](#comparisons-2.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator%3e,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Duration2>
  constexpr bool operator>(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs,
                           const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[3](#comparisons-3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2514)

*Returns*: rhs < lhs[.](#comparisons-3.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator%3c=,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Duration2>
  constexpr bool operator<=(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs,
                            const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[4](#comparisons-4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2527)

*Returns*: !(rhs < lhs)[.](#comparisons-4.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator%3e=,time_point)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1, class Duration2>
  constexpr bool operator>=(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs,
                            const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[5](#comparisons-5)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2540)

*Returns*: !(lhs < rhs)[.](#comparisons-5.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:operator%3e=,time_point_)

`template<class Clock, class Duration1,
         [three_way_comparable_with](cmp.concept#concept:three_way_comparable_with "17.12.4 Concept three_­way_­comparable [cmp.concept]")<Duration1> Duration2>
  constexpr auto operator<=>(const time_point<Clock, Duration1>& lhs,
                             const time_point<Clock, Duration2>& rhs);
`

[6](#comparisons-6)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2554)

*Returns*: lhs.time_since_epoch() <=> rhs.time_since_epoch()[.](#comparisons-6.sentence-1)

### [30.6.8](#cast) Conversions [[time.point.cast]](time.point.cast)

[🔗](#lib:time_point,time_point_cast)

`template<class ToDuration, class Clock, class Duration>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, ToDuration> time_point_cast(const time_point<Clock, Duration>& t);
`

[1](#cast-1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2569)

*Constraints*: ToDuration is a specialization of duration[.](#cast-1.sentence-1)

[2](#cast-2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2573)

*Returns*: time_point<Clock, ToDuration>(duration_cast<ToDuration>(t.time_since_epoch()))

[🔗](#lib:floor,time_point)

`template<class ToDuration, class Clock, class Duration>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, ToDuration> floor(const time_point<Clock, Duration>& tp);
`

[3](#cast-3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2587)

*Constraints*: ToDuration is a specialization of duration[.](#cast-3.sentence-1)

[4](#cast-4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2591)

*Returns*: time_point<Clock, ToDuration>(floor<ToDuration>(tp.time_since_epoch()))[.](#cast-4.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:ceil,time_point)

`template<class ToDuration, class Clock, class Duration>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, ToDuration> ceil(const time_point<Clock, Duration>& tp);
`

[5](#cast-5)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2603)

*Constraints*: ToDuration is a specialization of duration[.](#cast-5.sentence-1)

[6](#cast-6)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2607)

*Returns*: time_point<Clock, ToDuration>(ceil<ToDuration>(tp.time_since_epoch()))[.](#cast-6.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:round,time_point)

`template<class ToDuration, class Clock, class Duration>
  constexpr time_point<Clock, ToDuration> round(const time_point<Clock, Duration>& tp);
`

[7](#cast-7)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2619)

*Constraints*: ToDuration is a specialization of duration, andtreat_as_floating_point_v<typename ToDuration​::​rep> is false[.](#cast-7.sentence-1)

[8](#cast-8)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/time.tex#L2624)

*Returns*: time_point<Clock, ToDuration>(round<ToDuration>(tp.time_since_epoch()))[.](#cast-8.sentence-1)