[except.nested]

# 17 Language support library [[support]](./#support)

## 17.9 Exception handling [[support.exception]](support.exception#except.nested)

### 17.9.8 nested_exception [except.nested]

[🔗](#lib:nested_exception)

namespace std {class nested_exception {public:constexpr nested_exception() noexcept; constexpr nested_exception(const nested_exception&) noexcept = default; constexpr nested_exception& operator=(const nested_exception&) noexcept = default; constexpr virtual ~nested_exception() = default; // access functions[[noreturn]] constexpr void rethrow_nested() const; constexpr exception_ptr nested_ptr() const noexcept; }; template<class T> [[noreturn]] constexpr void throw_with_nested(T&& t); template<class E> constexpr void rethrow_if_nested(const E& e);}

[1](#1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4297)

The class nested_exception is designed for use as a mixin through
multiple inheritance[.](#1.sentence-1)

It captures the currently handled exception and stores it
for later use[.](#1.sentence-2)

[2](#2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4302)

[*Note [1](#note-1)*:

nested_exception has a virtual destructor to make it a
polymorphic class[.](#2.sentence-1)

Its presence can be tested for with dynamic_cast[.](#2.sentence-2)

— *end note*]

[🔗](#lib:nested_exception,constructor)

`constexpr nested_exception() noexcept;
`

[3](#3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4314)

*Effects*: The constructor calls current_exception() and stores the returned value[.](#3.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:rethrow_nested,nested_exception)

`[[noreturn]] constexpr void rethrow_nested() const;
`

[4](#4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4325)

*Effects*: If nested_ptr() returns a null pointer, the function calls the function std​::​terminate[.](#4.sentence-1)

Otherwise, it throws the stored exception captured by *this[.](#4.sentence-2)

[🔗](#lib:nested_ptr,nested_exception)

`constexpr exception_ptr nested_ptr() const noexcept;
`

[5](#5)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4337)

*Returns*: The stored exception captured by this nested_exception object[.](#5.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:throw_with_nested,nested_exception)

`template<class T> [[noreturn]] constexpr void throw_with_nested(T&& t);
`

[6](#6)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4348)

Let U be decay_t<T>[.](#6.sentence-1)

[7](#7)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4351)

*Preconditions*: U meets the [*Cpp17CopyConstructible*](utility.arg.requirements#:Cpp17CopyConstructible "16.4.4.2 Template argument requirements [utility.arg.requirements]") requirements[.](#7.sentence-1)

[8](#8)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4355)

*Throws*: If is_class_v<U> && !is_final_v<U> && !is_base_of_v<nested_exception, U> is true,
an exception of unspecified type that is publicly derived from bothU and nested_exception and constructed from std​::​forward<T>(t), otherwisestd​::​forward<T>(t)[.](#8.sentence-1)

[🔗](#lib:rethrow_if_nested,nested_exception)

`template<class E> constexpr void rethrow_if_nested(const E& e);
`

[9](#9)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/support.tex#L4371)

*Effects*: If E is not a polymorphic class type, or
if nested_exception is an inaccessible or ambiguous base class of E,
there is no effect[.](#9.sentence-1)

Otherwise, performs:if (auto p = dynamic_cast<const nested_exception*>(addressof(e))) p->rethrow_nested();