[dcl.spec.general]

# 9 Declarations [[dcl]](./#dcl)

## 9.2 Specifiers [[dcl.spec]](dcl.spec#general)

### 9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]

[1](#1)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L431)

The specifiers that can be used in a declaration are

[decl-specifier:](#nt:decl-specifier "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")  
[*storage-class-specifier*](dcl.stc#nt:storage-class-specifier "9.2.2 Storage class specifiers [dcl.stc]")  
[*defining-type-specifier*](dcl.type.general#nt:defining-type-specifier "9.2.9.1 General [dcl.type.general]")  
[*function-specifier*](dcl.fct.spec#nt:function-specifier "9.2.3 Function specifiers [dcl.fct.spec]")  
friend  
typedef  
constexpr  
consteval  
constinit  
inline

[decl-specifier-seq:](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")  
[*decl-specifier*](#nt:decl-specifier "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]") [*attribute-specifier-seq*](dcl.attr.grammar#nt:attribute-specifier-seq "9.13.1 Attribute syntax and semantics [dcl.attr.grammar]")opt  
[*decl-specifier*](#nt:decl-specifier "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]") [*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")

The optional [*attribute-specifier-seq*](dcl.attr.grammar#nt:attribute-specifier-seq "9.13.1 Attribute syntax and semantics [dcl.attr.grammar]") in a [*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]") appertains to the type determined by the preceding[*decl-specifier*](#nt:decl-specifier "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")*s* ([[dcl.meaning]](dcl.meaning "9.3.4 Meaning of declarators"))[.](#1.sentence-2)

The [*attribute-specifier-seq*](dcl.attr.grammar#nt:attribute-specifier-seq "9.13.1 Attribute syntax and semantics [dcl.attr.grammar]") affects the type only for the declaration it appears in, not other declarations involving the
same type[.](#1.sentence-3)

[2](#2)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L459)

At most one of each of the [*decl-specifier*](#nt:decl-specifier "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")*s*friend, typedef, or inline shall appear in a [*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")[.](#2.sentence-1)

At most one of
the constexpr, consteval, and constinit keywords
shall appear in a [*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")[.](#2.sentence-2)

[3](#3)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L467)

If a [*type-name*](dcl.type.simple#nt:type-name "9.2.9.3 Simple type specifiers [dcl.type.simple]") is encountered while parsing a [*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]"),
it is interpreted as part of the [*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]") if and only if there is no
previous [*defining-type-specifier*](dcl.type.general#nt:defining-type-specifier "9.2.9.1 General [dcl.type.general]") other than a [*cv-qualifier*](dcl.decl.general#nt:cv-qualifier "9.3.1 General [dcl.decl.general]") in the[*decl-specifier-seq*](#nt:decl-specifier-seq "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]")[.](#3.sentence-1)

The sequence shall be self-consistent as
described below[.](#3.sentence-2)

[*Example [1](#example-1)*: typedef char* Pc;static Pc; // error: name missing

Here, the declaration static Pc is ill-formed because no
name was specified for the static variable of type Pc[.](#3.sentence-3)

To get a
variable called Pc, a [*type-specifier*](dcl.type.general#nt:type-specifier "9.2.9.1 General [dcl.type.general]") (other thanconst or volatile) has to be present to indicate that
the [*typedef-name*](dcl.typedef#nt:typedef-name "9.2.4 The typedef specifier [dcl.typedef]") Pc is the name being (re)declared,
rather than being part of the [*decl-specifier*](#nt:decl-specifier "9.2.1 General [dcl.spec.general]") sequence[.](#3.sentence-4)

For
another example,void f(const Pc); // void f(char* const) (not const char*)void g(const int Pc); // void g(const int)

— *end example*]

[4](#4)

[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L493)

[*Note [1](#note-1)*:

Since signed, unsigned, long, and short by default imply int, a [*type-name*](dcl.type.simple#nt:type-name "9.2.9.3 Simple type specifiers [dcl.type.simple]") appearing after one
of those specifiers is treated as the name being (re)declared[.](#4.sentence-1)

[*Example [2](#example-2)*: void h(unsigned Pc); // void h(unsigned int)void k(unsigned int Pc); // void k(unsigned int) — *end example*]

— *end note*]