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[special.mem.concepts]
# 26 Algorithms library [[algorithms]](./#algorithms)
## 26.11 Specialized <memory> algorithms [[specialized.algorithms]](specialized.algorithms#special.mem.concepts)
### 26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]
[1](#1)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13543)
Some algorithms in this subclause are constrained with the following
exposition-only concepts:
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-input-iterator)
`template<class I>
concept [nothrow-input-iterator](#concept:nothrow-input-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[input_iterator](iterator.concept.input#concept:input_iterator "24.3.4.9 Concept input_­iterator [iterator.concept.input]")<I> &&
is_lvalue_reference_v<iter_reference_t<I>> &&
[same_as](concept.same#concept:same_as "18.4.2 Concept same_­as [concept.same]")<remove_cvref_t<iter_reference_t<I>>, iter_value_t<I>>;
`
[2](#2)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13555)
A type I models [*nothrow-input-iterator*](#concept:nothrow-input-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if
no exceptions are thrown from increment,
copy construction, move construction,
copy assignment, move assignment,
or indirection through valid iterators[.](#2.sentence-1)
[3](#3)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13562)
[*Note [1](#note-1)*:
This concept allows some [input_iterator](iterator.concept.input#concept:input_iterator "24.3.4.9 Concept input_­iterator [iterator.concept.input]") ([[iterator.concept.input]](iterator.concept.input "24.3.4.9 Concept input_­iterator"))
operations to throw exceptions[.](#3.sentence-1)
— *end note*]
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-sentinel-for)
`template<class S, class I>
concept [nothrow-sentinel-for](#concept:nothrow-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = [sentinel_for](iterator.concept.sentinel#concept:sentinel_for "24.3.4.7 Concept sentinel_­for [iterator.concept.sentinel]")<S, I>; // exposition only
`
[4](#4)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13575)
Types S and I model [*nothrow-sentinel-for*](#concept:nothrow-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if no exceptions are thrown from copy construction, move construction,
copy assignment, move assignment, or comparisons between
valid values of type I and S[.](#4.sentence-1)
[5](#5)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13581)
[*Note [2](#note-2)*:
This concept allows some [sentinel_for](iterator.concept.sentinel#concept:sentinel_for "24.3.4.7 Concept sentinel_­for [iterator.concept.sentinel]") ([[iterator.concept.sentinel]](iterator.concept.sentinel "24.3.4.7 Concept sentinel_­for"))
operations to throw exceptions[.](#5.sentence-1)
— *end note*]
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-sized-sentinel-for)
`template<class S, class I>
concept [nothrow-sized-sentinel-for](#concept:nothrow-sized-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-sentinel-for](#concept:nothrow-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<S, I> &&
[sized_sentinel_for](iterator.concept.sizedsentinel#concept:sized_sentinel_for "24.3.4.8 Concept sized_­sentinel_­for [iterator.concept.sizedsentinel]")<S, I>;
`
[6](#6)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13596)
Types S and I model [*nothrow-sized-sentinel-for*](#concept:nothrow-sized-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if no exceptions are thrown from the - operator
for valid values of type I and S[.](#6.sentence-1)
[7](#7)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13601)
[*Note [3](#note-3)*:
This concept allows some [sized_sentinel_for](iterator.concept.sizedsentinel#concept:sized_sentinel_for "24.3.4.8 Concept sized_­sentinel_­for [iterator.concept.sizedsentinel]") ([[iterator.concept.sizedsentinel]](iterator.concept.sizedsentinel "24.3.4.8 Concept sized_­sentinel_­for"))
operations to throw exceptions[.](#7.sentence-1)
— *end note*]
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-input-range)
`template<class R>
concept [nothrow-input-range](#concept:nothrow-input-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[range](range.range#concept:range "25.4.2 Ranges [range.range]")<R> &&
[nothrow-input-iterator](#concept:nothrow-input-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<iterator_t<R>> &&
[nothrow-sentinel-for](#concept:nothrow-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<sentinel_t<R>, iterator_t<R>>;
`
[8](#8)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13617)
A type R models [*nothrow-input-range*](#concept:nothrow-input-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if
no exceptions are thrown from calls to ranges​::​begin andranges​::​end on an object of type R[.](#8.sentence-1)
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-forward-iterator)
`template<class I>
concept [nothrow-forward-iterator](#concept:nothrow-forward-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-input-iterator](#concept:nothrow-input-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<I> &&
[forward_iterator](iterator.concept.forward#concept:forward_iterator "24.3.4.11 Concept forward_­iterator [iterator.concept.forward]")<I> &&
[nothrow-sentinel-for](#concept:nothrow-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<I, I>;
`
[9](#9)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13632)
[*Note [4](#note-4)*:
This concept allows some [forward_iterator](iterator.concept.forward#concept:forward_iterator "24.3.4.11 Concept forward_­iterator [iterator.concept.forward]") ([[iterator.concept.forward]](iterator.concept.forward "24.3.4.11 Concept forward_­iterator"))
operations to throw exceptions[.](#9.sentence-1)
— *end note*]
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-forward-range)
`template<class R>
concept [nothrow-forward-range](#concept:nothrow-forward-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-input-range](#concept:nothrow-input-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<R> &&
[nothrow-forward-iterator](#concept:nothrow-forward-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<iterator_t<R>>;
`
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-iterator)
`template<class I>
concept [nothrow-bidirectional-iterator](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-forward-iterator](#concept:nothrow-forward-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<I> &&
[bidirectional_iterator](iterator.concept.bidir#concept:bidirectional_iterator "24.3.4.12 Concept bidirectional_­iterator [iterator.concept.bidir]")<I>;
`
[10](#10)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13654)
A type I models [*nothrow-bidirectional-iterator*](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if no exceptions are thrown from decrementing valid iterators[.](#10.sentence-1)
[*Note [5](#note-5)*:
This concept allows some [bidirectional_iterator](iterator.concept.bidir#concept:bidirectional_iterator "24.3.4.12 Concept bidirectional_­iterator [iterator.concept.bidir]") ([[iterator.concept.bidir]](iterator.concept.bidir "24.3.4.12 Concept bidirectional_­iterator"))
operations to throw exceptions[.](#10.sentence-2)
— *end note*]
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-range)
`template<class R>
concept [nothrow-bidirectional-range](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-forward-range](#concept:nothrow-forward-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<R> &&
[nothrow-bidirectional-iterator](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<iterator_t<R>>;
`
[🔗](#concept:nothrow-random-access-iterator)
`template<class I>
concept [nothrow-random-access-iterator](#concept:nothrow-random-access-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-bidirectional-iterator](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<I> &&
[random_access_iterator](iterator.concept.random.access#concept:random_access_iterator "24.3.4.13 Concept random_­access_­iterator [iterator.concept.random.access]")<I> &&
[nothrow-sized-sentinel-for](#concept:nothrow-sized-sentinel-for "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<I, I>;
`
[11](#11)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13679)
A type I models [*nothrow-random-access-iterator*](#concept:nothrow-random-access-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if no exceptions are thrown from comparisons of valid iterators,
or the -, +, -=, +=, [] operators
on valid values of type I and iter_difference_t<I>[.](#11.sentence-1)
[*Note [6](#note-6)*:
This concept allows some [random_access_iterator](iterator.concept.random.access#concept:random_access_iterator "24.3.4.13 Concept random_­access_­iterator [iterator.concept.random.access]") ([[iterator.concept.random.access]](iterator.concept.random.access "24.3.4.13 Concept random_­access_­iterator"))
operations to throw exceptions[.](#11.sentence-2)
— *end note*]
[🔗](#itemdecl:10)
`template<class R>
concept [nothrow-random-access-range](#concept:nothrow-random-access-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-bidirectional-range](#concept:nothrow-bidirectional-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<R> &&
[nothrow-random-access-iterator](#concept:nothrow-random-access-iterator "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<iterator_t<R>>;
template<class R>
concept [nothrow-sized-random-access-range](#concept:nothrow-sized-random-access-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") = // exposition only
[nothrow-random-access-range](#concept:nothrow-random-access-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]")<R> && [sized_range](range.sized#concept:sized_range "25.4.4 Sized ranges [range.sized]")<R>;
`
[12](#12)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/algorithms.tex#L13702)
A type R models [*nothrow-sized-random-access-range*](#concept:nothrow-sized-random-access-range "26.11.2 Special memory concepts [special.mem.concepts]") only if no exceptions are thrown from the call to ranges​::​size on an object of type R[.](#12.sentence-1)