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[namespace.alias]
# 9 Declarations [[dcl]](./#dcl)
## 9.9 Namespaces [[basic.namespace]](basic.namespace#namespace.alias)
### 9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]
[1](#1)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L8417)
A [*namespace-alias-definition*](#nt:namespace-alias-definition "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]") declares a [*namespace alias*](#def:alias,namespace "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]") according to the following grammar:
[namespace-alias:](#nt:namespace-alias "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]")
[*identifier*](lex.name#nt:identifier "5.11 Identifiers [lex.name]")
[namespace-alias-definition:](#nt:namespace-alias-definition "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]")
namespace [*identifier*](lex.name#nt:identifier "5.11 Identifiers [lex.name]") = [*qualified-namespace-specifier*](#nt:qualified-namespace-specifier "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]") ;
namespace [*identifier*](lex.name#nt:identifier "5.11 Identifiers [lex.name]") = [*splice-specifier*](basic.splice#nt:splice-specifier "6.6 Splice specifiers [basic.splice]") ;
[qualified-namespace-specifier:](#nt:qualified-namespace-specifier "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]")
[*nested-name-specifier*](expr.prim.id.qual#nt:nested-name-specifier "7.5.5.3 Qualified names [expr.prim.id.qual]")opt [*namespace-name*](namespace.def.general#nt:namespace-name "9.9.2.1 General [namespace.def.general]")
[2](#2)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L8436)
The [*splice-specifier*](basic.splice#nt:splice-specifier "6.6 Splice specifiers [basic.splice]") (if any)
shall designate a namespace that is not the global namespace[.](#2.sentence-1)
[3](#3)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L8440)
The [*identifier*](lex.name#nt:identifier "5.11 Identifiers [lex.name]") in a [*namespace-alias-definition*](#nt:namespace-alias-definition "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]") becomes a [*namespace-alias*](#nt:namespace-alias "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]")[.](#3.sentence-1)
[4](#4)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/declarations.tex#L8444)
The underlying entity ([[basic.pre]](basic.pre "6.1 Preamble")) of the namespace alias is
the namespace either
denoted by the [*qualified-namespace-specifier*](#nt:qualified-namespace-specifier "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]") or
designated by the [*splice-specifier*](basic.splice#nt:splice-specifier "6.6 Splice specifiers [basic.splice]")[.](#4.sentence-1)
[*Note [1](#note-1)*:
When looking up a [*namespace-name*](namespace.def.general#nt:namespace-name "9.9.2.1 General [namespace.def.general]") in a[*namespace-alias-definition*](#nt:namespace-alias-definition "9.9.3 Namespace alias [namespace.alias]"), only namespace names are
considered, see [[basic.lookup.udir]](basic.lookup.udir "6.5.7 Using-directives and namespace aliases")[.](#4.sentence-2)
— *end note*]