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[locales]
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# 28 Text processing library [[text]](./#text)
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## 28.3 Localization library [[localization]](localization#locales)
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### 28.3.3 Locales [locales]
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#### [28.3.3.1](#locale) Class locale [[locale]](locale)
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#### [28.3.3.1.1](#locale.general) General [[locale.general]](locale.general)
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namespace std {class locale {public:// [[locale.types]](#locale.types "28.3.3.1.2 Types"), types// [[locale.facet]](#locale.facet "28.3.3.1.2.2 Class locale::facet"), class locale::facetclass facet; // [[locale.id]](#locale.id "28.3.3.1.2.3 Class locale::id"), class locale::idclass id; // [[locale.category]](#locale.category "28.3.3.1.2.1 Type locale::category"), type locale::categoryusing category = int; static const category // values assigned here are for exposition only none = 0,
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collate = 0x010, ctype = 0x020,
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monetary = 0x040, numeric = 0x080,
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time = 0x100, messages = 0x200,
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all = collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages; // [[locale.cons]](#locale.cons "28.3.3.1.3 Constructors and destructor"), construct/copy/destroy locale() noexcept;
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locale(const locale& other) noexcept; explicit locale(const char* std_name); explicit locale(const string& std_name);
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locale(const locale& other, const char* std_name, category);
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locale(const locale& other, const string& std_name, category); template<class Facet> locale(const locale& other, Facet* f);
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locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category); ~locale(); // not virtualconst locale& operator=(const locale& other) noexcept; // [[locale.members]](#locale.members "28.3.3.1.4 Members"), locale operationstemplate<class Facet> locale combine(const locale& other) const;
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string name() const;
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text_encoding encoding() const; bool operator==(const locale& other) const; template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>bool operator()(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& s1, const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& s2) const; // [[locale.statics]](#locale.statics "28.3.3.1.6 Static members"), global locale objectsstatic locale global(const locale&); static const locale& classic(); };}
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[1](#locale.general-1)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L520)
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Class locale implements a type-safe polymorphic set of facets,
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indexed by facet *type*[.](#locale.general-1.sentence-1)
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In other words, a facet has a dual role:
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in one sense, it's just a class interface;
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at the same time, it's an index into a locale's set of facets[.](#locale.general-1.sentence-2)
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[2](#locale.general-2)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L527)
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Access to the facets of a locale is via two function templates,use_facet<> and has_facet<>[.](#locale.general-2.sentence-1)
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[3](#locale.general-3)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L531)
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[*Example [1](#locale.general-example-1)*:
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An iostream operator<< can be implemented as:[214](#footnote-214 "Note that in the call to put, the stream is implicitly converted to an ostreambuf_iterator<charT, traits>.")
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template<class charT, class traits> basic_ostream<charT, traits>&operator<< (basic_ostream<charT, traits>& s, Date d) {typename basic_ostream<charT, traits>::sentry cerberos(s); if (cerberos) { tm tmbuf; d.extract(tmbuf); bool failed = use_facet<time_put<charT, ostreambuf_iterator<charT, traits>>>( s.getloc()).put(s, s, s.fill(), &tmbuf, 'x').failed(); if (failed) s.setstate(s.badbit); // can throw}return s;} â *end example*]
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[4](#locale.general-4)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L558)
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In the call to use_facet<Facet>(loc),
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the type argument chooses a facet,
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making available all members of the named type[.](#locale.general-4.sentence-1)
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If Facet is not present in a locale,
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it throws the standard exception bad_cast[.](#locale.general-4.sentence-2)
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A C++ program can check if a locale implements a particular facet
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with the function template has_facet<Facet>()[.](#locale.general-4.sentence-3)
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User-defined facets may be installed in a locale, and
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used identically as may standard facets[.](#locale.general-4.sentence-4)
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[5](#locale.general-5)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L569)
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[*Note [1](#locale.general-note-1)*:
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All locale semantics are accessed viause_facet<> and has_facet<>,
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except that:
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- [(5.1)](#locale.general-5.1)
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A member operator templateoperator()(const basic_string<C, T, A>&, const basic_string<C, T, A>&) is provided so that a locale can be used as a predicate argument to
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the standard collections, to collate strings.
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- [(5.2)](#locale.general-5.2)
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Convenient global interfaces are provided for
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traditional ctype functions such asisdigit() and isspace(),
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so that given a locale object loc a C++ program can call isspace(c, loc). (This eases upgrading existing extractors ([[istream.formatted]](istream.formatted "31.7.5.3 Formatted input functions"))[.](#locale.general-5.2.sentence-2))
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â *end note*]
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[6](#locale.general-6)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L593)
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Once a facet reference is obtained from a locale object
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by calling use_facet<>,
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that reference remains usable,
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and the results from member functions of it may be cached and re-used,
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as long as some locale object refers to that facet[.](#locale.general-6.sentence-1)
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[7](#locale.general-7)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L600)
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In successive calls to a locale facet member function
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on a facet object installed in the same locale,
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the returned result shall be identical[.](#locale.general-7.sentence-1)
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[8](#locale.general-8)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L605)
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A locale constructed
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from a name string (such as "POSIX"), or
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from parts of two named locales, has a name;
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all others do not[.](#locale.general-8.sentence-1)
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Named locales may be compared for equality;
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an unnamed locale is equal only to (copies of) itself[.](#locale.general-8.sentence-2)
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For an unnamed locale, locale::name() returns the string "*"[.](#locale.general-8.sentence-3)
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[9](#locale.general-9)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L614)
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Whether there is
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one global locale object for the entire program or
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one global locale object per thread
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is implementation-defined[.](#locale.general-9.sentence-1)
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Implementations should provide one global locale object per thread[.](#locale.general-9.sentence-2)
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If there is a single global locale object for the entire program,
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implementations are not required to
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avoid data races on it ([[res.on.data.races]](res.on.data.races "16.4.6.10 Data race avoidance"))[.](#locale.general-9.sentence-3)
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[214)](#footnote-214)[214)](#footnoteref-214)
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Note that in the call to put,
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the stream is implicitly converted
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to an ostreambuf_iterator<charT, traits>[.](#footnote-214.sentence-1)
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#### [28.3.3.1.2](#locale.types) Types [[locale.types]](locale.types)
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#### [28.3.3.1.2.1](#locale.category) Type locale::category [[locale.category]](locale.category)
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[ð](#lib:locale,category)
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`using category = int;
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`
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[1](#locale.category-1)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L633)
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*Valid* category values
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include the locale member bitmask elementscollate,ctype,monetary,numeric,time,
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andmessages,
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each of which represents a single locale category[.](#locale.category-1.sentence-1)
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In addition, locale member bitmask constant none is defined as zero and represents no category[.](#locale.category-1.sentence-2)
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And locale member bitmask constant all is defined such that the expression(collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages | all) == all is true,
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and represents the union of all categories[.](#locale.category-1.sentence-3)
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Further, the expression (X | Y),
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where X and Y each represent a single category,
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represents the union of the two categories[.](#locale.category-1.sentence-4)
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[2](#locale.category-2)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L657)
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locale member functions
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expecting a category argument
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require one of the category values defined above, or
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the union of two or more such values[.](#locale.category-2.sentence-1)
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Such a category value identifies a set of locale categories[.](#locale.category-2.sentence-2)
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Each locale category, in turn, identifies a set of locale facets,
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including at least those shown in Table [91](#tab:locale.category.facets "Table 91: Locale category facets")[.](#locale.category-2.sentence-3)
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Table [91](#tab:locale.category.facets) — Locale category facets [[tab:locale.category.facets]](./tab:locale.category.facets)
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-1)<br>**Category** | **Includes facets** |
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| --- | --- |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-2)<br>collate | collate<char>, collate<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-3)<br>ctype | ctype<char>, ctype<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-4) | codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-5) | codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-6)<br>monetary | moneypunct<char>, moneypunct<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-7) | moneypunct<char, true>, moneypunct<wchar_t, true> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-8) | money_get<char>, money_get<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-9) | money_put<char>, money_put<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-10)<br>numeric | numpunct<char>, numpunct<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-11) | num_get<char>, num_get<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-12) | num_put<char>, num_put<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-13)<br>time | time_get<char>, time_get<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-14) | time_put<char>, time_put<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.category.facets-row-15)<br>messages | messages<char>, messages<wchar_t> |
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[3](#locale.category-3)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L686)
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For any locale loc either constructed, or returned by locale::classic(),
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and any facet Facet shown in Table [91](#tab:locale.category.facets "Table 91: Locale category facets"),has_facet<Facet>(loc) is true[.](#locale.category-3.sentence-1)
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Each locale member function
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which takes a locale::category argument
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operates on the corresponding set of facets[.](#locale.category-3.sentence-2)
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[4](#locale.category-4)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L695)
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An implementation is required to provide those specializations
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for facet templates identified as members of a category, and
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for those shown in Table [92](#tab:locale.spec "Table 92: Required specializations")[.](#locale.category-4.sentence-1)
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Table [92](#tab:locale.spec) — Required specializations [[tab:locale.spec]](./tab:locale.spec)
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-1)<br>**Category** | **Includes facets** |
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| --- | --- |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-2)<br>collate | collate_byname<char>, collate_byname<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-3)<br>ctype | ctype_byname<char>, ctype_byname<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-4) | codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-5) | codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-6)<br>monetary | moneypunct_byname<char, International> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-7) | moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, International> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-8) | money_get<C, InputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-9) | money_put<C, OutputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-10)<br>numeric | numpunct_byname<char>, numpunct_byname<wchar_t> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-11) | num_get<C, InputIterator>, num_put<C, OutputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-12)<br>time | time_get<char, InputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-13) | time_get_byname<char, InputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-14) | time_get<wchar_t, InputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-15) | time_get_byname<wchar_t, InputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-16) | time_put<char, OutputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-17) | time_put_byname<char, OutputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-18) | time_put<wchar_t, OutputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-19) | time_put_byname<wchar_t, OutputIterator> |
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| [ð](#tab:locale.spec-row-20)<br>messages | messages_byname<char>, messages_byname<wchar_t> |
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[5](#locale.category-5)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L726)
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The provided implementation of members of
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facets num_get<charT> and num_put<charT> calls use_facet<F>(l) only for facet F of
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types numpunct<charT> and ctype<charT>,
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and for locale l the value obtained by calling member getloc() on the ios_base& argument to these functions[.](#locale.category-5.sentence-1)
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[6](#locale.category-6)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L734)
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In declarations of facets,
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a template parameter with name InputIterator or OutputIterator indicates the set of all possible specializations on parameters that meet the*Cpp17InputIterator* requirements or*Cpp17OutputIterator* requirements,
|
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respectively ([[iterator.requirements]](iterator.requirements "24.3 Iterator requirements"))[.](#locale.category-6.sentence-1)
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A template parameter with name C represents
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the set of types containing char, wchar_t, and any otherimplementation-defined
|
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character container types ([[defns.character.container]](defns.character.container "3.10 character container type"))
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that meet the requirements for a character
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on which any of the iostream components can be instantiated[.](#locale.category-6.sentence-2)
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A template parameter with name International represents the set of all possible specializations on a bool parameter[.](#locale.category-6.sentence-3)
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#### [28.3.3.1.2.2](#locale.facet) Class locale::facet [[locale.facet]](locale.facet)
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||||
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[ð](#lib:locale,facet)
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namespace std {class locale::facet {protected:explicit facet(size_t refs = 0); virtual ~facet();
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facet(const facet&) = delete; void operator=(const facet&) = delete; };}
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|
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[1](#locale.facet-1)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L766)
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Class facet is the base class for locale feature sets[.](#locale.facet-1.sentence-1)
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A class is a [*facet*](#def:facet "28.3.3.1.2.2 Class locale::facet [locale.facet]") if it is publicly derived from another facet, or
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if it is a class derived from locale::facet and
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contains a publicly accessible declaration as follows:[215](#footnote-215 "This is a complete list of requirements; there are no other requirements. Thus, a facet class need not have a public copy constructor, assignment, default constructor, destructor, etc.")static ::std::locale::id id;
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[2](#locale.facet-2)
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[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L781)
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||||
Template parameters in this Clause
|
||||
which are required to be facets
|
||||
are those named Facet in declarations[.](#locale.facet-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
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||||
A program that passes
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||||
a type that is *not* a facet, or
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||||
a type that refers to a volatile-qualified facet,
|
||||
as an (explicit or deduced) template parameter to
|
||||
a locale function expecting a facet,
|
||||
is ill-formed[.](#locale.facet-2.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
A const-qualified facet is a valid template argument to
|
||||
any locale function that expects a Facet template parameter[.](#locale.facet-2.sentence-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[3](#locale.facet-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L794)
|
||||
|
||||
The refs argument to the constructor is used for lifetime management[.](#locale.facet-3.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
For refs == 0,
|
||||
the implementation performs delete static_cast<locale::facet*>(f) (where f is a pointer to the facet)
|
||||
when the last locale object containing the facet is destroyed;
|
||||
for refs == 1, the implementation never destroys the facet[.](#locale.facet-3.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[4](#locale.facet-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L802)
|
||||
|
||||
Constructors of all facets defined in this Clause
|
||||
take such an argument and pass it along to
|
||||
their facet base class constructor[.](#locale.facet-4.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
All one-argument constructors defined in this Clause are explicit,
|
||||
preventing their participation in implicit conversions[.](#locale.facet-4.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[5](#locale.facet-5)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L809)
|
||||
|
||||
For some standard facets a standard â…_bynameâ class,
|
||||
derived from it, implements the virtual function semantics
|
||||
equivalent to that facet of the locale
|
||||
constructed by locale(const char*) with the same name[.](#locale.facet-5.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
Each such facet provides a constructor that takes
|
||||
a const char* argument, which names the locale, and
|
||||
a refs argument, which is passed to the base class constructor[.](#locale.facet-5.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
Each such facet also provides a constructor that takes
|
||||
a string argument str and
|
||||
a refs argument,
|
||||
which has the same effect as calling the first constructor
|
||||
with the two arguments str.c_str() and refs[.](#locale.facet-5.sentence-3)
|
||||
|
||||
If there is no â…_bynameâ version of a facet,
|
||||
the base class implements named locale semantics itself
|
||||
by reference to other facets[.](#locale.facet-5.sentence-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[215)](#footnote-215)[215)](#footnoteref-215)
|
||||
|
||||
This is a complete list of requirements; there are no other requirements[.](#footnote-215.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
Thus, a facet class need not have a public
|
||||
copy constructor, assignment, default constructor, destructor, etc[.](#footnote-215.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.1.2.3](#locale.id) Class locale::id [[locale.id]](locale.id)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,id)
|
||||
|
||||
namespace std {class locale::id {public: id(); void operator=(const id&) = delete;
|
||||
id(const id&) = delete; };}
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#locale.id-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L840)
|
||||
|
||||
The class locale::id provides
|
||||
identification of a locale facet interface,
|
||||
used as an index for lookup and to encapsulate initialization[.](#locale.id-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#locale.id-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L845)
|
||||
|
||||
[*Note [1](#locale.id-note-1)*:
|
||||
|
||||
Because facets are used by iostreams,
|
||||
potentially while static constructors are running,
|
||||
their initialization cannot depend on programmed static initialization[.](#locale.id-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
One initialization strategy is for locale to initialize each facet's id member
|
||||
the first time an instance of the facet is installed into a locale[.](#locale.id-2.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
This depends only on static storage being zero
|
||||
before constructors run ([[basic.start.static]](basic.start.static "6.10.3.2 Static initialization"))[.](#locale.id-2.sentence-3)
|
||||
|
||||
â *end note*]
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.1.3](#locale.cons) Constructors and destructor [[locale.cons]](locale.cons)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor)
|
||||
|
||||
`locale() noexcept;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#locale.cons-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L865)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Constructs a copy of the argument last passed tolocale::global(locale&),
|
||||
if it has been called;
|
||||
else, the resulting facets have virtual function semantics identical to
|
||||
those of locale::classic()[.](#locale.cons-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[*Note [1](#locale.cons-note-1)*:
|
||||
|
||||
This constructor yields a copy of the current global locale[.](#locale.cons-1.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
It is commonly used as a default argument for
|
||||
function parameters of type const locale&[.](#locale.cons-1.sentence-3)
|
||||
|
||||
â *end note*]
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor_)
|
||||
|
||||
`explicit locale(const char* std_name);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#locale.cons-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L885)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Constructs a locale using standard C locale names, e.g., "POSIX"[.](#locale.cons-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
The resulting locale implements semantics defined to be associated
|
||||
with that name[.](#locale.cons-2.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[3](#locale.cons-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L891)
|
||||
|
||||
*Throws*: runtime_error if the argument is not valid, or is null[.](#locale.cons-3.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[4](#locale.cons-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L895)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: The set of valid string argument values is"C", "", and any implementation-defined values[.](#locale.cons-4.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor__)
|
||||
|
||||
`explicit locale(const string& std_name);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[5](#locale.cons-5)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L907)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Equivalent to locale(std_name.c_str())[.](#locale.cons-5.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor___)
|
||||
|
||||
`locale(const locale& other, const char* std_name, category cats);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[6](#locale.cons-6)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L918)
|
||||
|
||||
*Preconditions*: cats is a valid category value ([[locale.category]](#locale.category "28.3.3.1.2.1 Type locale::category"))[.](#locale.cons-6.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[7](#locale.cons-7)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L922)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Constructs a locale as a copy of other except for the facets identified by the category argument,
|
||||
which instead implement the same semantics as locale(std_name)[.](#locale.cons-7.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[8](#locale.cons-8)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L928)
|
||||
|
||||
*Throws*: runtime_error if the second argument is not valid, or is null[.](#locale.cons-8.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[9](#locale.cons-9)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L932)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: The locale has a name if and only if other has a name[.](#locale.cons-9.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor____)
|
||||
|
||||
`locale(const locale& other, const string& std_name, category cats);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[10](#locale.cons-10)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L943)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Equivalent to locale(other, std_name.c_str(), cats)[.](#locale.cons-10.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor_____)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class Facet> locale(const locale& other, Facet* f);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[11](#locale.cons-11)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L954)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Constructs a locale incorporating all facets from the first argument
|
||||
except that of type Facet,
|
||||
and installs the second argument as the remaining facet[.](#locale.cons-11.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
If f is null, the resulting object is a copy of other[.](#locale.cons-11.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[12](#locale.cons-12)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L961)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: If f is null,
|
||||
the resulting locale has the same name as other[.](#locale.cons-12.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
Otherwise, the resulting locale has no name[.](#locale.cons-12.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,constructor______)
|
||||
|
||||
`locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category cats);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[13](#locale.cons-13)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L974)
|
||||
|
||||
*Preconditions*: cats is a valid category value[.](#locale.cons-13.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[14](#locale.cons-14)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L978)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Constructs a locale incorporating all facets from the first argument
|
||||
except those that implement cats,
|
||||
which are instead incorporated from the second argument[.](#locale.cons-14.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[15](#locale.cons-15)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L984)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: If cats is equal to locale::none,
|
||||
the resulting locale has a name if and only if the first argument has a name[.](#locale.cons-15.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
Otherwise, the resulting locale has a name if and only if
|
||||
the first two arguments both have names[.](#locale.cons-15.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:operator=,locale)
|
||||
|
||||
`const locale& operator=(const locale& other) noexcept;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[16](#locale.cons-16)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L998)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Creates a copy of other, replacing the current value[.](#locale.cons-16.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[17](#locale.cons-17)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1002)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: *this[.](#locale.cons-17.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.1.4](#locale.members) Members [[locale.members]](locale.members)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,combine)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class Facet> locale combine(const locale& other) const;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#locale.members-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1015)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Constructs a locale incorporating all facets from *this except for that one facet of other that is identified by Facet[.](#locale.members-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#locale.members-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1020)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: The newly created locale[.](#locale.members-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[3](#locale.members-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1024)
|
||||
|
||||
*Throws*: runtime_error if has_facet<Facet>(other) is false[.](#locale.members-3.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[4](#locale.members-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1028)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: The resulting locale has no name[.](#locale.members-4.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,name)
|
||||
|
||||
`string name() const;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[5](#locale.members-5)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1039)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: The name of *this, if it has one;
|
||||
otherwise, the string "*"[.](#locale.members-5.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,encoding)
|
||||
|
||||
`text_encoding encoding() const;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[6](#locale.members-6)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1051)
|
||||
|
||||
*Mandates*: CHAR_BIT == 8 is true[.](#locale.members-6.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[7](#locale.members-7)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1055)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: A text_encoding object representing
|
||||
the implementation-defined encoding scheme
|
||||
associated with the locale *this[.](#locale.members-7.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.1.5](#locale.operators) Operators [[locale.operators]](locale.operators)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,operator==)
|
||||
|
||||
`bool operator==(const locale& other) const;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#locale.operators-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1070)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: true if
|
||||
both arguments are the same locale, or
|
||||
one is a copy of the other, or
|
||||
each has a name and the names are identical;false otherwise[.](#locale.operators-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,operator())
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
|
||||
bool operator()(const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& s1,
|
||||
const basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& s2) const;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#locale.operators-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1087)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Compares two strings according to the std::collate<charT> facet[.](#locale.operators-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[3](#locale.operators-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1091)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: use_facet<std::collate<charT>>(*this).compare(s1.data(), s1.data() + s1.size(),
|
||||
s2.data(), s2.data() + s2.size()) < 0
|
||||
|
||||
[4](#locale.operators-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1098)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: This member operator template (and therefore locale itself)
|
||||
meets the requirements for
|
||||
a comparator predicate template argument ([[algorithms]](algorithms "26 Algorithms library")) applied to strings[.](#locale.operators-4.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[5](#locale.operators-5)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1104)
|
||||
|
||||
[*Example [1](#locale.operators-example-1)*:
|
||||
|
||||
A vector of strings v can be collated according to collation rules in locale loc simply by ([[alg.sort]](alg.sort "26.8.2 Sorting"), [[vector]](vector "23.3.13 Class template vector")):
|
||||
|
||||
std::sort(v.begin(), v.end(), loc); â *end example*]
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.1.6](#locale.statics) Static members [[locale.statics]](locale.statics)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,global)
|
||||
|
||||
`static locale global(const locale& loc);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#locale.statics-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1124)
|
||||
|
||||
*Effects*: Sets the global locale to its argument[.](#locale.statics-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
Causes future calls to the constructor locale() to return a copy of the argument[.](#locale.statics-1.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
If the argument has a name, doessetlocale(LC_ALL, loc.name().c_str()); otherwise, the effect on the C locale, if any, isimplementation-defined[.](#locale.statics-1.sentence-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#locale.statics-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1136)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: The previous value of locale()[.](#locale.statics-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[3](#locale.statics-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1140)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: No library function other than locale::global() affects the value returned by locale()[.](#locale.statics-3.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[*Note [1](#locale.statics-note-1)*:
|
||||
|
||||
See [[c.locales]](c.locales "28.3.5 C library locales") for data race considerations
|
||||
when setlocale is invoked[.](#locale.statics-3.sentence-2)
|
||||
|
||||
â *end note*]
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,classic)
|
||||
|
||||
`static const locale& classic();
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[4](#locale.statics-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1156)
|
||||
|
||||
The "C" locale[.](#locale.statics-4.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[5](#locale.statics-5)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1159)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: A locale that implements the classic "C" locale semantics,
|
||||
equivalent to the value locale("C")[.](#locale.statics-5.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[6](#locale.statics-6)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1164)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: This locale, its facets, and their member functions, do not change with time[.](#locale.statics-6.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.2](#locale.global.templates) locale globals [[locale.global.templates]](locale.global.templates)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,use_facet)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class Facet> const Facet& use_facet(const locale& loc);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#locale.global.templates-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1177)
|
||||
|
||||
*Mandates*: Facet is a facet class
|
||||
whose definition contains the public static member id as defined in [[locale.facet]](#locale.facet "28.3.3.1.2.2 Class locale::facet")[.](#locale.global.templates-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#locale.global.templates-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1183)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: A reference to the corresponding facet of loc, if present[.](#locale.global.templates-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[3](#locale.global.templates-3)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1187)
|
||||
|
||||
*Throws*: bad_cast if has_facet<Facet>(loc) is false[.](#locale.global.templates-3.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[4](#locale.global.templates-4)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1191)
|
||||
|
||||
*Remarks*: The reference returned remains valid
|
||||
at least as long as any copy of loc exists[.](#locale.global.templates-4.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:locale,has_facet)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class Facet> bool has_facet(const locale& loc) noexcept;
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[5](#locale.global.templates-5)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1203)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: true if the facet requested is present in loc;
|
||||
otherwise false[.](#locale.global.templates-5.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.3](#locale.convenience) Convenience interfaces [[locale.convenience]](locale.convenience)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.3.1](#classification) Character classification [[classification]](classification)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:isspace)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class charT> bool isspace (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isprint (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool iscntrl (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isupper (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool islower (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isalpha (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isdigit (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool ispunct (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isxdigit(charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isalnum (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isgraph (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
template<class charT> bool isblank (charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#classification-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1240)
|
||||
|
||||
Each of these functions is*F* returns the result of the expression:use_facet<ctype<charT>>(loc).is(ctype_base::*F*, c) where *F* is the ctype_base::mask value
|
||||
corresponding to that function ([[category.ctype]](category.ctype "28.3.4.2 The ctype category"))[.](#classification-1.sentence-1)[216](#footnote-216 "When used in a loop, it is faster to cache the ctype<> facet and use it directly, or use the vector form of ctype<>::is.")
|
||||
|
||||
[216)](#footnote-216)[216)](#footnoteref-216)
|
||||
|
||||
When used in a loop,
|
||||
it is faster to cache the ctype<> facet and use it directly, or
|
||||
use the vector form of ctype<>::is[.](#footnote-216.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
#### [28.3.3.3.2](#conversions.character) Character conversions [[conversions.character]](conversions.character)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:toupper)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class charT> charT toupper(charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[1](#conversions.character-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1262)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: use_facet<ctype<charT>>(loc).toupper(c)[.](#conversions.character-1.sentence-1)
|
||||
|
||||
[ð](#lib:tolower)
|
||||
|
||||
`template<class charT> charT tolower(charT c, const locale& loc);
|
||||
`
|
||||
|
||||
[2](#conversions.character-2)
|
||||
|
||||
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/text.tex#L1273)
|
||||
|
||||
*Returns*: use_facet<ctype<charT>>(loc).tolower(c)[.](#conversions.character-2.sentence-1)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user