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[fs.conform.9945]
# 31 Input/output library [[input.output]](./#input.output)
## 31.12 File systems [[filesystems]](filesystems#fs.conform.9945)
### 31.12.2 Conformance [[fs.conformance]](fs.conformance#fs.conform.9945)
#### 31.12.2.2 POSIX conformance [fs.conform.9945]
[1](#1)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/iostreams.tex#L13173)
Some behavior is specified by reference to POSIX[.](#1.sentence-1)
How such behavior is actually implemented is unspecified[.](#1.sentence-2)
[*Note [1](#note-1)*:
This constitutes an “as if” rule allowing implementations
to call native
operating system or other APIs[.](#1.sentence-3)
— *end note*]
[2](#2)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/iostreams.tex#L13181)
Implementations should provide such behavior as it is defined by
POSIX[.](#2.sentence-1)
Implementations shall document any behavior that differs from the
behavior defined by POSIX[.](#2.sentence-2)
Implementations that do not support exact POSIX
behavior should provide behavior as close to POSIX behavior as is reasonable given the
limitations of actual operating systems and file systems[.](#2.sentence-3)
If an implementation cannot provide any
reasonable behavior, the implementation shall report an error as specified in [[fs.err.report]](fs.err.report "31.12.5 Error reporting")[.](#2.sentence-4)
[*Note [2](#note-2)*:
This allows users to rely on an exception being thrown or
an error code being set when an implementation cannot provide any reasonable
behavior[.](#2.sentence-5)
— *end note*]
[3](#3)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/iostreams.tex#L13194)
Implementations are not required to provide behavior that is not supported by
a particular file system[.](#3.sentence-1)
[*Example [1](#example-1)*:
The FAT file system used by some memory cards, camera memory, and
floppy disks does not support hard links, symlinks, and many other features of
more capable file systems, so implementations are not required to support those
features on the FAT file system
but instead are required to report an error as described above[.](#3.sentence-2)
— *end example*]

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[fs.conform.os]
# 31 Input/output library [[input.output]](./#input.output)
## 31.12 File systems [[filesystems]](filesystems#fs.conform.os)
### 31.12.2 Conformance [[fs.conformance]](fs.conformance#fs.conform.os)
#### 31.12.2.3 Operating system dependent behavior conformance [fs.conform.os]
[1](#1)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/iostreams.tex#L13206)
Behavior that is specified as being[*operating system dependent*](#def:operating_system_dependent "31.12.2.3 Operating system dependent behavior conformance [fs.conform.os]") is dependent upon the behavior
and characteristics of an operating system[.](#1.sentence-1)
The operating system an
implementation is dependent upon isimplementation-defined[.](#1.sentence-2)
[2](#2)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/iostreams.tex#L13215)
It is permissible for an implementation to be dependent upon an operating
system emulator rather than the actual underlying operating system[.](#2.sentence-1)