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[bitset.members]
# 22 General utilities library [[utilities]](./#utilities)
## 22.9 Bitsets [[bitset]](bitset#members)
### 22.9.2 Class template bitset [[template.bitset]](template.bitset#bitset.members)
#### 22.9.2.3 Members [bitset.members]
[🔗](#lib:operator&=,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& operator&=(const bitset& rhs) noexcept;
`
[1](#1)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10643)
*Effects*: Clears each bit in*this for which the corresponding bit in rhs is clear, and leaves all other bits unchanged[.](#1.sentence-1)
[2](#2)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10649)
*Returns*: *this[.](#2.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%7c=,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& operator|=(const bitset& rhs) noexcept;
`
[3](#3)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10660)
*Effects*: Sets each bit in*this for which the corresponding bit in rhs is set, and leaves all other bits unchanged[.](#3.sentence-1)
[4](#4)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10666)
*Returns*: *this[.](#4.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%5e=,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& operator^=(const bitset& rhs) noexcept;
`
[5](#5)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10677)
*Effects*: Toggles each bit in*this for which the corresponding bit in rhs is set, and leaves all other bits unchanged[.](#5.sentence-1)
[6](#6)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10683)
*Returns*: *this[.](#6.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%3c%3c=,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& operator<<=(size_t pos) noexcept;
`
[7](#7)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10694)
*Effects*: Replaces each bit at position I in*this with a value determined as follows:
- [(7.1)](#7.1)
If I < pos, the new value is zero;
- [(7.2)](#7.2)
If I >= pos, the new value is the previous
value of the bit at position I - pos[.](#7.sentence-1)
[8](#8)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10707)
*Returns*: *this[.](#8.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%3e%3e=,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& operator>>=(size_t pos) noexcept;
`
[9](#9)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10718)
*Effects*: Replaces each bit at position I in*this with a value determined as follows:
- [(9.1)](#9.1)
If pos >= N - I, the new value is zero;
- [(9.2)](#9.2)
If pos < N - I, the new value is the previous value of the bit at position I + pos[.](#9.sentence-1)
[10](#10)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10730)
*Returns*: *this[.](#10.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%3c%3c,bitset)
`constexpr bitset operator<<(size_t pos) const noexcept;
`
[11](#11)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10741)
*Returns*: bitset(*this) <<= pos[.](#11.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%3e%3e,bitset)
`constexpr bitset operator>>(size_t pos) const noexcept;
`
[12](#12)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10752)
*Returns*: bitset(*this) >>= pos[.](#12.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:set_(member),bitset)
`constexpr bitset& set() noexcept;
`
[13](#13)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10765)
*Effects*: Sets all bits in*this[.](#13.sentence-1)
[14](#14)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10770)
*Returns*: *this[.](#14.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:set_(member),bitset_)
`constexpr bitset& set(size_t pos, bool val = true);
`
[15](#15)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10783)
*Effects*: Stores a new value in the bit at position pos in*this[.](#15.sentence-1)
If val is true, the stored value is one, otherwise it is zero[.](#15.sentence-2)
[16](#16)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10789)
*Returns*: *this[.](#16.sentence-1)
[17](#17)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10793)
*Throws*: out_of_range if pos does not correspond to a valid bit position[.](#17.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:reset,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& reset() noexcept;
`
[18](#18)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10805)
*Effects*: Resets all bits in*this[.](#18.sentence-1)
[19](#19)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10810)
*Returns*: *this[.](#19.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:reset,bitset_)
`constexpr bitset& reset(size_t pos);
`
[20](#20)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10821)
*Effects*: Resets the bit at position pos in*this[.](#20.sentence-1)
[21](#21)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10826)
*Returns*: *this[.](#21.sentence-1)
[22](#22)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10830)
*Throws*: out_of_range if pos does not correspond to a valid bit position[.](#22.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator~,bitset)
`constexpr bitset operator~() const noexcept;
`
[23](#23)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10842)
*Effects*: Constructs an object x of classbitset and initializes it with*this[.](#23.sentence-1)
[24](#24)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10849)
*Returns*: x.flip()[.](#24.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:flip,bitset)
`constexpr bitset& flip() noexcept;
`
[25](#25)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10860)
*Effects*: Toggles all bits in*this[.](#25.sentence-1)
[26](#26)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10865)
*Returns*: *this[.](#26.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:flip,bitset_)
`constexpr bitset& flip(size_t pos);
`
[27](#27)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10876)
*Effects*: Toggles the bit at position pos in*this[.](#27.sentence-1)
[28](#28)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10881)
*Returns*: *this[.](#28.sentence-1)
[29](#29)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10885)
*Throws*: out_of_range if pos does not correspond to a valid bit position[.](#29.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%5b%5d,bitset)
`constexpr bool operator[](size_t pos) const;
`
[30](#30)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10897)
*Hardened preconditions*: pos < size() is true[.](#30.sentence-1)
[31](#31)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10901)
*Returns*: true if the bit at position pos in *this has the value
one, otherwise false[.](#31.sentence-1)
[32](#32)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10906)
*Throws*: Nothing[.](#32.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator%5b%5d,bitset_)
`constexpr bitset::reference operator[](size_t pos);
`
[33](#33)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10917)
*Hardened preconditions*: pos < size() is true[.](#33.sentence-1)
[34](#34)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10921)
*Returns*: An object of typebitset​::​reference such that(*this)[pos] == this->test(pos),
and such that(*this)[pos] = val is equivalent tothis->set(pos, val)[.](#34.sentence-1)
[35](#35)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10932)
*Throws*: Nothing[.](#35.sentence-1)
[36](#36)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10936)
*Remarks*: For the purpose of determining the presence of a data
race ([[intro.multithread]](intro.multithread "6.10.2 Multi-threaded executions and data races")), any access or update through the resulting
reference potentially accesses or modifies, respectively, the entire
underlying bitset[.](#36.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:to_ulong,bitset)
`constexpr unsigned long to_ulong() const;
`
[37](#37)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10950)
*Returns*: x[.](#37.sentence-1)
[38](#38)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10954)
*Throws*: overflow_error if the integral value x corresponding to the bits in *this cannot be represented as type unsigned long[.](#38.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:to_ullong,bitset)
`constexpr unsigned long long to_ullong() const;
`
[39](#39)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10968)
*Returns*: x[.](#39.sentence-1)
[40](#40)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10972)
*Throws*: overflow_error if the integral value x corresponding to the bits in *this cannot be represented as type unsigned long long[.](#40.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:to_string,bitset)
`template<class charT = char,
class traits = char_traits<charT>,
class Allocator = allocator<charT>>
constexpr basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>
to_string(charT zero = charT('0'), charT one = charT('1')) const;
`
[41](#41)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L10990)
*Effects*: Constructs a string object of the appropriate type
and initializes it to a string of length N characters[.](#41.sentence-1)
Each character is determined by the value of its corresponding bit position in*this[.](#41.sentence-2)
Character position N - 1 corresponds to bit position zero[.](#41.sentence-3)
Subsequent decreasing character positions correspond to increasing bit
positions[.](#41.sentence-4)
Bit value zero becomes the character zero,
bit value one becomes the characterone[.](#41.sentence-5)
[42](#42)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11003)
*Returns*: The created object[.](#42.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:count,bitset)
`constexpr size_t count() const noexcept;
`
[43](#43)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11014)
*Returns*: A count of the number of bits set in*this[.](#43.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:size,bitset)
`constexpr size_t size() const noexcept;
`
[44](#44)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11026)
*Returns*: N[.](#44.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:operator==,bitset)
`constexpr bool operator==(const bitset& rhs) const noexcept;
`
[45](#45)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11037)
*Returns*: true if the value of each bit in*this equals the value of the corresponding bit in rhs[.](#45.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:test,bitset)
`constexpr bool test(size_t pos) const;
`
[46](#46)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11050)
*Returns*: true if the bit at position pos in*this has the value one[.](#46.sentence-1)
[47](#47)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11058)
*Throws*: out_of_range if pos does not correspond to a valid bit position[.](#47.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:all,bitset)
`constexpr bool all() const noexcept;
`
[48](#48)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11070)
*Returns*: count() == size()[.](#48.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:any_(member),bitset)
`constexpr bool any() const noexcept;
`
[49](#49)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11083)
*Returns*: count() != 0[.](#49.sentence-1)
[🔗](#lib:none,bitset)
`constexpr bool none() const noexcept;
`
[50](#50)
[#](http://github.com/Eelis/draft/tree/9adde4bc1c62ec234483e63ea3b70a59724c745a/source/utilities.tex#L11094)
*Returns*: count() == 0[.](#50.sentence-1)