see #12: translate ch09

book/en-us/09-others.md

@@ -6,9 +6,168 @@ order: 9
 
 # Chapter 09 Minor Features
 
-[Table of Content](./toc.md) | [Previous Chapter](./08-filesystem.md) | [Next Chapter: Outlook: Introduction of C++20](./10-cpp20.md)
+[TOC]
 
-## Further Readings
+## 9.1 New Type
+
+### `long long int`
+
+`long long int` is not the first to be introduced in C++11. 
+In fact, as early as C99, `long long int` has been included in the C standard, 
+so most compilers already support it. 
+C++11 now formally incorporate it into the standard library, 
+specifying a `long long int` type with at least 64 bits.
+
+## 9.2 `noexcept` Operations
+
+One of the big advantages of C++ over C is that 
+C++ itself defines a complete set of exception handling mechanisms. 
+However, before C++11, almost no one used to write 
+an exception declaration expression after the function name. 
+Starting from C++11, this mechanism was deprecated, 
+so we will not discuss or introduce the previous mechanism. 
+How to work and how to use it, you should not take the initiative 
+to understand it.
+
+C++11 simplifies exception declarations into two cases:
+
+1. The function may throw any exceptions
+2. The function can't throw any exceptions
+
+And use `noexcept` to limit these two behaviors, for example:
+
+```cpp
+void may_throw();           // May throw any exception
+void no_throw() noexcept;   // Cannot throw any exception
+```
+
+If a function modified with `noexcept` is thrown, 
+the compiler will use `std::terminate()` to 
+immediately terminate the program.
+
+`noexcept` can also be used as an operator to manipulate an expression. 
+When the expression has no exception, it returns `true`, 
+otherwise it returns `false`.
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+void may_throw() {
+    throw true;
+}
+auto non_block_throw = []{
+    may_throw();
+};
+void no_throw() noexcept {
+    return;
+}
+
+auto block_throw = []() noexcept {
+    no_throw();
+};
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha
+        << "may_throw() noexcept? " << noexcept(may_throw()) << std::endl
+        << "no_throw() noexcept? " << noexcept(no_throw()) << std::endl
+        << "lmay_throw() noexcept? " << noexcept(non_block_throw()) << std::endl
+        << "lno_throw() noexcept? " << noexcept(block_throw()) << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+`noexcept` can modify the function of blocking exceptions 
+after modifying a function. If an exception is generated internally, 
+the external will not trigger. For instance:
+
+```cpp
+try {
+    may_throw();
+} catch (...) {
+    std::cout << "exception captured from my_throw()" << std::endl;
+}
+try {
+    non_block_throw();
+} catch (...) {
+    std::cout << "exception captured from non_block_throw()" << std::endl;
+}
+try {
+    block_throw();
+} catch (...) {
+    std::cout << "exception captured from block_throw()" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+The final output is:
+
+```
+exception captured, from my_throw()
+exception captured, from non_block_throw()
+```
+
+## 9.3 Literal
+
+### String Literal
+
+In traditional C++, it is very painful to write a string full of 
+special characters. For example, a string containing HTML ontology 
+needs to add a large number of escape characters. 
+For example, a file path on Windows often as: `C:\\Path\\To\\File`.
+
+C++11 provides the original string literals, 
+which can be decorated with `R` in front of a string, 
+and the original string is wrapped in parentheses, for example:
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+int main() {
+    std::string str = R"(C:\Path\To\File)";
+    std::cout << str << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### Custom Literal
+
+C++11 introduces the ability to customize literals by 
+overloading the double quotes suffix operator:
+
+```cpp
+// String literal customization must be set to the following parameter list
+std::string operator"" _wow1(const char *wow1, size_t len) {
+    return std::string(wow1)+"woooooooooow, amazing";
+}
+
+std::string operator"" _wow2 (unsigned long long i) {
+    return std::to_string(i)+"woooooooooow, amazing";
+}
+
+int main() {
+    auto str = "abc"_wow1;
+    auto num = 1_wow2;
+    std::cout << str << std::endl;
+    std::cout << num << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+Custom literals support four literals:
+
+1. Integer literal: When overloading, you must use `unsigned long long`, `const char *`, and template literal operator parameters. The former is used in the above code;
+2. Floating-point literals: You must use `long double`, `const char *`, and template literals when overloading;
+3. String literals: A parameter table of the form `(const char *, size_t)` must be used;
+4. Character literals: Parameters can only be `char`, `wchar_t`, `char16_t`, `char32_t`.
+
+## Conclusion
+
+Several of the features introduced in this section are those that 
+use more frequent features from modern C++ features that 
+have not yet been introduced. `noexcept` is the most important feature. 
+One of its features is to prevent the spread of anomalies, 
+effective Let the compiler optimize our code to the maximum extent possible.
+
+[Table of Content](./toc.md) | [Previous Chapter](./08-filesystem.md) | [Next Chapter: Outlook: Introduction of C++20](./10-cpp20.md)
 
 ## Licenses
 

book/zh-cn/09-others.md

@@ -6,19 +6,23 @@ order: 9
 
 # 第 9 章 其他杂项
 
-> 内容修订中
-
 [TOC]
 
 ## 9.1 新类型
 
 ### `long long int`
 
-`long long int` 并不是 C++11 最先引入的，其实早在 C99，`long long int` 就已经被纳入 C 标准中，所以大部分的编译器早已支持。C++11 的工作则是正式把它纳入标准库，规定了一个 `long long int` 类型至少具备 64 位的比特数。
+`long long int` 并不是 C++11 最先引入的，其实早在 C99，
+`long long int` 就已经被纳入 C 标准中，所以大部分的编译器早已支持。
+C++11 的工作则是正式把它纳入标准库，
+规定了一个 `long long int` 类型至少具备 64 位的比特数。
 
 ## 9.2 noexcept 的修饰和操作
 
-C++ 相比于 C 的一大优势就在于 C++ 本身就定义了一套完整的异常处理机制。然而在 C++11 之前，几乎没有人去使用在函数名后书写异常声明表达式，从 C++11 开始，这套机制被弃用，所以我们不去讨论也不去介绍以前这套机制是如何工作如何使用，你更不应该主动去了解它。
+C++ 相比于 C 的一大优势就在于 C++ 本身就定义了一套完整的异常处理机制。
+然而在 C++11 之前，几乎没有人去使用在函数名后书写异常声明表达式，
+从 C++11 开始，这套机制被弃用，所以我们不去讨论也不去介绍以前这套机制是如何工作如何使用，
+你更不应该主动去了解它。
 
 C++11 将异常的声明简化为以下两种情况：
 
@@ -93,16 +97,19 @@ try {
 
 ### 原始字符串字面量
 
-传统 C++ 里面要编写一个充满特殊字符的字符串其实是非常痛苦的一件事情，比如一个包含 HTML 本体的字符串需要添加大量的转义符，例如一个Windows 上的文件路径经常会：`C:\\What\\The\\Fxxk`。
+传统 C++ 里面要编写一个充满特殊字符的字符串其实是非常痛苦的一件事情，
+比如一个包含 HTML 本体的字符串需要添加大量的转义符，
+例如一个Windows 上的文件路径经常会：`C:\\File\\To\\Path`。
 
-C++11 提供了原始字符串字面量的写法，可以在一个字符串前方使用 `R` 来修饰这个字符串，同时，将原始字符串使用括号包裹，例如：
+C++11 提供了原始字符串字面量的写法，可以在一个字符串前方使用 `R` 来修饰这个字符串，
+同时，将原始字符串使用括号包裹，例如：
 
 ```cpp
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 
 int main() {
-    std::string str = R"(C:\What\The\Fxxk)";
+    std::string str = R"(C:\File\To\Path)";
     std::cout << str << std::endl;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -113,7 +120,6 @@ int main() {
 C++11 引进了自定义字面量的能力，通过重载双引号后缀运算符实现：
 
 ```cpp
-
 // 字符串字面量自定义必须设置如下的参数列表
 std::string operator"" _wow1(const char *wow1, size_t len) {
     return std::string(wow1)+"woooooooooow, amazing";

code/9/9.1.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include <list>
-#include <algorithm>
-int main() {
-    std::list<int> l = {1, 2, 3};
-    std::sort(l.begin(), l.end());
-    return 0;
-}

code/9/9.1.noexcept.cpp

@@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ int main()
     try {
         may_throw();
     } catch (...) {
-        std::cout << "捕获异常, 来自 my_throw()" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "exception captured from my_throw()" << std::endl;
     }
     
     try {
         non_block_throw();
     } catch (...) {
-        std::cout << "捕获异常, 来自 non_block_throw()" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "exception captured from non_block_throw()" << std::endl;
     }
     
     try {
         block_throw();
     } catch (...) {
-        std::cout << "捕获异常, 来自 block_throw()" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "exception captured from block_throw()" << std::endl;
     }
 }

code/9/9.2.literals.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 //
 // created by changkun at changkun.de
 //
-// 字面量
+// literals
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ std::string operator""_wow2 (unsigned long long i) {
 }
 
 int main() {
-    std::string str = R"(C:\\What\\The\\Fxxk)";
+    std::string str = R"(C:\\File\\To\\Path)";
     std::cout << str << std::endl;
     
     int value = 0b1001010101010;
     std::cout << value << std::endl;
     
     
-    auto str = "abc"_wow1;
+    auto str2 = "abc"_wow1;
     auto num = 1_wow2;
-    std::cout << str << std::endl;
+    std::cout << str2 << std::endl;
     std::cout << num << std::endl;
     return 0;
 }

code/9/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+all: $(patsubst %.cpp, %.out, $(wildcard *.cpp))
+
+%.out: %.cpp Makefile
+	clang++ $< -o $@ -std=c++2a -pedantic
+
+clean:
+	rm *.out