Cleanup; consistent formatting.

CPP11.md

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Semantically similar to using a `typedef` however, template aliases with `using`
 ```c++
 template <typename T>
 using Vec = std::vector<T>;
-Vec<int> v{}; // std::vector<int>
+Vec<int> v; // std::vector<int>
 
 using String = std::string;
 String s {"foo"};
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ struct Foo {
   Foo() : Foo(0) {}
 };
 
-Foo foo{};
+Foo foo;
 foo.foo; // == 0
 ```
 
@@ -403,14 +403,14 @@ struct A {
   A(int x) : x(x) {}
   int x {1};
 };
-A a{}; // a.x == 1
+A a; // a.x == 1
 A a2 {123}; // a.x == 123
 ```
 
 With inheritance:
 ```c++
 struct B {
-  B() : x(1);
+  B() : x(1) {}
   int x;
 };
 
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ struct C : B {
   C() = default;
 };
 
-C c{}; // c.x == 1
+C c; // c.x == 1
 ```
 
 ### Deleted functions
@@ -530,11 +530,11 @@ struct B {
   explicit operator bool() const { return true; }
 };
 
-A a{};
+A a;
 if (a); // OK calls A::operator bool()
 bool ba = a; // OK copy-initialization selects A::operator bool()
 
-B b{};
+B b;
 if (b); // OK calls B::operator bool()
 bool bb = b; // error copy-initialization does not consider B::operator bool()
 ```
@@ -574,7 +574,6 @@ class Human {
 };
 ```
 
-
 ### Right angle Brackets
 C++11 is now able to infer when a series of right angle brackets is used as an operator or as a closing statement of typedef, without having to add whitespace.
 
@@ -598,7 +597,7 @@ typename remove_reference<T>::type&& move(T&& arg) {
 
 Transferring `std::unique_ptr`s:
 ```c++
-std::unique_ptr<int> p1{ new int };
+std::unique_ptr<int> p1 {new int{0}};
 std::unique_ptr<int> p2 = p1; // error -- cannot copy unique pointers
 std::unique_ptr<int> p3 = std::move(p1); // move `p1` into `p3`
                                          // now unsafe to dereference object held by `p1`
@@ -629,7 +628,7 @@ A wrapper(T&& arg) {
 }
 
 wrapper(A{}); // moved
-A a{};
+A a;
 wrapper(a); // copied
 wrapper(std::move(a)); // moved
 ```
@@ -647,8 +646,9 @@ threadsVector.emplace_back([]() {
   // Lambda function that will be invoked    
 });
 threadsVector.emplace_back(foo, true);  // thread will run foo(true)
-for (auto& thread : threadsVector)
+for (auto& thread : threadsVector) {
   thread.join(); // Wait for threads to finish
+}
 ```
 
 ### std::to_string
@@ -672,7 +672,9 @@ C++11 introduces new smart(er) pointers: `std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, `
 `std::unique_ptr` is a non-copyable, movable smart pointer that properly manages arrays and STL containers. **Note: Prefer using the `std::make_X` helper functions as opposed to using constructors. See the sections for [std::make_unique](#stdmake_unique) and [std::make_shared](#stdmake_shared).**
 ```c++
 std::unique_ptr<Foo> p1 { new Foo{} };  // `p1` owns `Foo`
-if (p1) p1->bar();
+if (p1) {
+  p1->bar();
+}
 
 {
   std::unique_ptr<Foo> p2 {std::move(p1)};  // Now `p2` owns `Foo`
@@ -681,7 +683,9 @@ if (p1) p1->bar();
   p1 = std::move(p2);  // Ownership returns to `p1` -- `p2` gets destroyed
 }
 
-if (p1) p1->bar();
+if (p1) {
+  p1->bar();
+}
 // `Foo` instance is destroyed when `p1` goes out of scope
 ```
 
@@ -715,7 +719,6 @@ start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
 std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_seconds = end - start;
-
 elapsed_seconds.count(); // t number of seconds, represented as a `double`
 ```
 
@@ -785,7 +788,7 @@ The first parameter is the policy which can be:
 1. `std::launch::async` Run the callable object on a new thread.
 1. `std::launch::deferred` Perform lazy evaluation on the current thread.
 
-```
+```c++
 int foo() {
   /* Do something here, then return the result. */
   return 1000;

README.md

@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ Semantically similar to using a `typedef` however, template aliases with `using`
 ```c++
 template <typename T>
 using Vec = std::vector<T>;
-Vec<int> v{}; // std::vector<int>
+Vec<int> v; // std::vector<int>
 
 using String = std::string;
 String s {"foo"};
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ struct Foo {
   Foo() : Foo(0) {}
 };
 
-Foo foo{};
+Foo foo;
 foo.foo; // == 0
 ```
 
@@ -989,14 +989,14 @@ struct A {
   A(int x) : x(x) {}
   int x {1};
 };
-A a{}; // a.x == 1
+A a; // a.x == 1
 A a2 {123}; // a.x == 123
 ```
 
 With inheritance:
 ```c++
 struct B {
-  B() : x(1);
+  B() : x(1) {}
   int x;
 };
 
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ struct C : B {
   C() = default;
 };
 
-C c{}; // c.x == 1
+C c; // c.x == 1
 ```
 
 ### Deleted functions
@@ -1116,11 +1116,11 @@ struct B {
   explicit operator bool() const { return true; }
 };
 
-A a{};
+A a;
 if (a); // OK calls A::operator bool()
 bool ba = a; // OK copy-initialization selects A::operator bool()
 
-B b{};
+B b;
 if (b); // OK calls B::operator bool()
 bool bb = b; // error copy-initialization does not consider B::operator bool()
 ```
@@ -1160,7 +1160,6 @@ class Human {
 };
 ```
 
-
 ### Right angle Brackets
 C++11 is now able to infer when a series of right angle brackets is used as an operator or as a closing statement of typedef, without having to add whitespace.
 
@@ -1184,7 +1183,7 @@ typename remove_reference<T>::type&& move(T&& arg) {
 
 Transferring `std::unique_ptr`s:
 ```c++
-std::unique_ptr<int> p1{ new int };
+std::unique_ptr<int> p1 {new int{0}};
 std::unique_ptr<int> p2 = p1; // error -- cannot copy unique pointers
 std::unique_ptr<int> p3 = std::move(p1); // move `p1` into `p3`
                                          // now unsafe to dereference object held by `p1`
@@ -1215,7 +1214,7 @@ A wrapper(T&& arg) {
 }
 
 wrapper(A{}); // moved
-A a{};
+A a;
 wrapper(a); // copied
 wrapper(std::move(a)); // moved
 ```
@@ -1233,8 +1232,9 @@ threadsVector.emplace_back([]() {
   // Lambda function that will be invoked    
 });
 threadsVector.emplace_back(foo, true);  // thread will run foo(true)
-for (auto& thread : threadsVector)
+for (auto& thread : threadsVector) {
   thread.join(); // Wait for threads to finish
+}
 ```
 
 ### std::to_string
@@ -1258,7 +1258,9 @@ C++11 introduces new smart(er) pointers: `std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, `
 `std::unique_ptr` is a non-copyable, movable smart pointer that properly manages arrays and STL containers. **Note: Prefer using the `std::make_X` helper functions as opposed to using constructors. See the sections for [std::make_unique](#stdmake_unique) and [std::make_shared](#stdmake_shared).**
 ```c++
 std::unique_ptr<Foo> p1 {new Foo{}};  // `p1` owns `Foo`
-if (p1) p1->bar();
+if (p1) {
+  p1->bar();
+}
 
 {
   std::unique_ptr<Foo> p2 {std::move(p1)};  // Now `p2` owns `Foo`
@@ -1267,7 +1269,9 @@ if (p1) p1->bar();
   p1 = std::move(p2);  // Ownership returns to `p1` -- `p2` gets destroyed
 }
 
-if (p1) p1->bar();
+if (p1) {
+  p1->bar();
+}
 // `Foo` instance is destroyed when `p1` goes out of scope
 ```
 
@@ -1301,7 +1305,6 @@ start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
 std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_seconds = end - start;
-
 elapsed_seconds.count(); // t number of seconds, represented as a `double`
 ```
 
@@ -1371,7 +1374,7 @@ The first parameter is the policy which can be:
 1. `std::launch::async` Run the callable object on a new thread.
 1. `std::launch::deferred` Perform lazy evaluation on the current thread.
 
-```
+```c++
 int foo() {
   /* Do something here, then return the result. */
   return 1000;