add Factory Method pattern

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Jakub Vojvoda
2016-09-07 09:21:53 +02:00
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## Factory Method
Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate.
Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses. The pattern has creational purpose
and applies to classes where deals with relationships through inheritence ie. they are static-fixed
at compile time. In contrast to Abstract Factory, Factory Method contain method to produce only one
type of product.
### When to use
* a class cant anticipate the class of objects it must create
* a class wants its subclasses to specify the objects it creates
* classes delegate responsibility to one of several helper subclasses, and you want to localize the knowledge of which helper subclass is the delegate