# Considering Performance

## Build Time



### Forward Declare when Possible

This:

```cpp
// some header file
class MyClass;

void doSomething(const MyClass &);
```

instead of:

```cpp
// some header file



#include "MyClass.hpp"

void doSomething(const MyClass &);
```


This applies to templates as well:

```cpp
template<typename T> class MyTemplatedType;
```

This is a proactive approach to simplify compilation time and rebuilding dependencies.

### Firewall Frequently Changing Header Files



### Don't Unnecessarily Include Headers

The compiler has to do something with each include directive it sees. Even if it stops as soon as it seems the `#ifndef` include guard, it still had to open the file and begin processing it.

[include-what-you-use](https://code.google.com/p/include-what-you-use) is a tool that can help you identify which headers you need.

### Reduce the load on the preprocessor

This is a general form of "Firewall Frequently Changing Header Files" and "Don't Unnecessarily Include Headers." Tools like BOOST_PP can be very helpful, but they also put a huge burden on the preprocessor

### Consider using precompiled headers

### Consider Using Tools

These are not meant to supercede good design

CCACHE, facebook's thing (warp)

### Put tmp on Ramdisk

See [this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4M3yG1dWho) youtube video for more details.

### Use the Gold Linker

If on linux, consider using the gold linker for gcc.

## Runtime

### Analyze the code!

There's no real way to know where your bottlenecks are without analyzing the code.

 * http://developer.amd.com/tools-and-sdks/opencl-zone/codexl/
 * http://www.codersnotes.com/sleepy


### Limit Variable Scope

Variables should be declared as late as possible, and ideally, only when it's possible to initialize the object. Reduced variable scope results in less memory being used, more efficient code in general, and helps the compiler optimize the code further.

```c++
// Good idea
for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i)
{
  MyObject obj(i);
  // do something with obj
}

// Bad Idea
MyObject obj; // meaningless object initialization
for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i)
{
  obj = MyObject(i); // unnecessary assignment operation
  // do something with obj
}
// obj is still taking up memory for no reason
```

### Prefer double to float

Operations are doubles are typically faster than float. However, in vectorized operations, float might win out. Analyze the code and find out which is faster for your application!


### Prefer ++i to i++
... when it is semantically correct. Pre-increment is [faster](http://blog2.emptycrate.com/content/why-i-faster-i-c) then post-increment because it does not require a copy of the object to be made.

```cpp
// Bad Idea
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)
{
  std::cout << i << std::endl;
}


// Good Idea
for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i)
{
  std::cout << i << std::endl;
}

```